Sulphur-Based Fertilizer Composition with Humic Acid Content

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are fertilizer compositions with enhanced sulphate release, methods of making the fertilizer compositions and methods of using the fertilizer compositions. The disclosed fertilizer compositions combine elemental sulphur with small amounts (relative to the sulphur) of humic acid to enhance delivery of sulphates to soil. The humic acid is added as a humic additive, which may comprise 40% or more humic acid. In many embodiments, the presence of small amounts of humic additive enhances the release of sulphate from soil containing the fertilizer composition from about 1.5- to 4-fold over fertilizer compositions lacking the humic additive.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims benefit of priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C.§119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/113,139, filed onFeb. 6, 2015, entitled “Sulphur-Based Fertilizer Composition with HumicAcid Content,” the content of which is hereby incorporated by referenceherein in its entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure is directed to fertilizer compositions withenhanced sulphate release, methods of making fertilizer compositions andmethods of using fertilizer compositions.

BACKGROUND

Sulphur is an essential plant nutrient included in fertilizercompositions to improve crop performance. In order to be useable byplants, it is desirable that the sulphur be in the sulphate form.

Natural fertilizer products, or products that are certifiable asorganic, are desirable. Elemental sulphur is one type of sulphuradditive used in organic farming. Before elemental sulphur can be usedby a plant, however, it must first be oxidized to sulphate form. Thesulphates may then be taken up by the plants.

Alkaline (or basic) soils may slow sulphur oxidation, as may some othertypes of soil conditions (for example soil containing carbonates, whichmay be found in arid zones). In some cases, soil acidification may beneeded to correct the soil pH where the pH is high. Soil acidificationmay aid in converting elemental sulphur to sulphate form. Microbialaction may also aid in converting elemental sulphur to sulphate.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to organic fertilizercompositions that comprise elemental sulphur, swelling clay, and humicacid. In one aspect the disclosed fertilizer composition comprises atleast 85% by weight of sulphur, 0.5% by weight of humic additive, andthe remainder bentonite clay. Many embodiments comprise at least 50% byweight of sulphur; and 0.01% to 5% by weight of humic additive, and mayfurther comprise a swelling material, such as swelling clay or bentoniteclay; the sulphur of the fertilizer composition may be elementalsulphur, for example at a percentage of at least 75% by weight or 85% byweight; the humic additive can be present in an amount of 0.1% to 1.0%by weight, for example about 0.5% by weight, and the humic additive maycomprise greater than 40% or 50% humic acid. In many embodiments, thefertilizer composition is a controlled release fertilizer composition,comprising from 5% to 25% by weight, or 5% to 15% by weight, of theswelling material. The fertilizer composition may further comprise oneor more additional nutrients selected from the group consisting ofnitrogen, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, boron, manganese, andmagnesium, wherein the one or more additional nutrients is present inthe fertilizer composition in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 40%by weight. The disclosed fertilizer composition can be provided as oneor more of a pellet, pastille, or granule.

Also disclosed are methods of fertilizing a plant, comprising applyingthe disclosed fertilizer composition to a soil, wherein the soilincludes a plant or plant seed, or wherein a plant or plant seed isadded to the soil after the fertilizer is dispersed in the soil. Methodsof conditioning a soil are also disclosed, the methods comprisingapplying the disclosed fertilizer composition to the soil. Alsodisclosed are methods of manufacturing a fertilizer compositioncontaining sulphur and humic acid, the method comprising mixing moltenelemental sulphur and humic additive, wherein the humic additivecomprises from 0.1% to 5% by weight of the mixture, and cooling themixture to obtain the fertilizer composition, wherein the method mayfurther comprise forming the fertilizer composition into pastilles,pellets, or granules and then cooling the composition below the meltingpoint of sulphur in the cooling step, and the humic additive may have anaverage particle size of less than 200 Mesh.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary process forproducing a fertilizer composition.

FIG. 2 is a graph comparing various soil treatments, including oneembodiment of the presently claimed composition.

FIG. 3 is a graph of results from tests performed comparing variousembodiments of the disclosed fertilizer composition.

FIG. 4 is a graph of results from tests performed comparing variousembodiments of the disclosed fertilizer composition.

FIG. 5 is a graph of results from tests performed comparing variousembodiments of the disclosed fertilizer composition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Elemental sulphur is an excellent source of sulphur in fertilizers.However, before the sulphur can be used by a plant, the elementalsulphur must be converted to sulphate. In many cases this is aided bythe action of microorganisms present in the soil. Disclosed herein aresurprising results demonstrating a process of delivering elementalsulphur to soil in a form that enhances delivery of sulphates to thesoil. Surprisingly, the presence of humic acid enhances conversion to,and release of, plant-useable sulphates from the disclosed fertilizer.The humic acid may aid microorganisms, present in the soil, inconverting the elemental sulphur into the plant-useable sulphate form.As such, a fertilizer composition combining elemental sulphur with smallamounts of humic acid can provide synergistic effects with respect tothe availability of plant-useable sulphate.

One advantage of including humic acid with elemental sulphur in afertilizer composition is that the organic acids of the humic acid can,in some cases, enhance microbial breakdown of sulphur intoplant-available sulphate form. This increases the rate at which theelemental sulphur is available to the plant. Furthermore, incorporatinghumic acid into an elemental sulphur-containing fertilizer canfacilitate soil management/conditioning because the amount ofplant-available sulphur in the soil can be more easily regulated withoutthe need for other compounds to be added to the soil.

The fertilizer composition described herein may include an amount ofelemental sulphur (about 70% by weight or more) in combination withlower amounts of humic compounds (15% by weight or less). In oneembodiment, the amount of elemental sulphur may be about 80.5% by weightand the amount of humic additive may be about 0.5%, with the remaindercomprising other additives selected from colorants, binders, andswelling materials.

Sulphur Component

The sulphur component of the disclosed fertilizer composition can becomprised substantially of elemental sulphur. As discussed in connectionwith the production of fertilizer pastilles below, elemental sulphur canbe provided in molten, crystalline, or powdered form and mixed withother components of the disclosed fertilizer compound. The sulphurcomponent can be greater than about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% by weightelemental sulphur. In many embodiments, the sulphur component is acertified organic material.

The sulphur component can constitute the bulk of the fertilizercomposition (i.e., at least about 50% by weight) and can form the matrixof the fertilizer in which the other components are distributed. In someaspects, the sulphur component can be present in the fertilizercomposition in an amount of from about 40% to about 95% by weight, fromabout 60% to about 90% by weight, or from about 80% to about 90% byweight, for example about 85% by weight. In many embodiments, the weightof the sulphur component as a percentage of the total weight of thefertilizer composition is greater than about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%,65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%, and less than about 99%, 95%, 90%,85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, or 45%. In one embodiment, thesulphur component may be about 90% or about 85% of the fertilizer mix.

As used herein, the term “about” will be understood to broaden theranges somewhat to include values that may be attributable to knownerrors in measurement, compounding the fertilizer composition, orexpected variations in raw material compositions. In most cases, theterm “about” modifies the value by ±10%.

Humic Additive

The humic additive of the disclosed fertilizer composition can beobtained from various sources such as soil, sediments, humus, peat, orother source of degraded organic matter. Humic acid may refer to acomplex mixture of organic acids, comprising humic and fulvic acids.

The humic additive in the disclosed fertilizer composition can beprovided in various forms from granules to fines. In many embodiments,the humic additive may be in granule or powdered form. For example, thehumic additive may be a fine powder of less than about 40 Mesh (420micron). In many embodiments, the humic acid powder may comprise greaterthan about 50%, 55%, 60%, or 65% by weight of particles with a mesh sizeless than about 200 Mesh (74 micron). Exemplary sources of humicadditive can be found in Humics and/or Leonardites from Western Canadaand the American West.

The humic additive may comprise various percentages of humic and/orfulvic acid. In many cases the humic and/or fulvic acid in the humicadditive may be between about 20% and 100% by weight of the humicadditive, for example between about 40% and 65%, or 45% and 60%, or 50and 55%. In many embodiments the percentage of humic/fulvic acid isgreater than about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%,80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%, and less than about 100%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%,75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, or 30%. In someembodiments, the humic additive may comprise humic acid and variousadditional compounds, for example ash. As used herein, humic acid may beused to refer to organic acids derived from humic additives, for examplehumic acids and fulvic acids.

The humic additive may be added to the disclosed fertilizer compositionin an amount from about 0.01% to about 15% by weight of the total weightof the fertilizer composition. In some embodiments the humic additivecan be included in the fertilizer composition in an amount from about0.05% to about 10%, from about 0.1% to about 5.0%, and from about 0.2%to about 2.0% by weight. In many embodiments, the humic additive isincluded in the fertilizer composition in a weight percent that is lessthan about 15%, 12.5%, 10%, 5.0%, 2.5%, 2.0%, 1.5%, 1.4%, 1.3%, 1.2%,1.1%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, or 0.1, andgreater than about 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%,0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%,or 12.5%. In one embodiment, the percent humic additive is about 0.5% byweight of the total weight of the fertilizer composition.

The humic additive may be generally acidic, with a pH less than about 7.In many embodiments, the pH of the humic additive may be less than about6.5, 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, or 3.0 and greater than about 2.5,3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, or 6.5. In some embodiments, the pHof the humic additive is between about 3 and 5, or 3.5 and 4.0.

Swelling Material

The disclosed fertilizer composition may further comprise a swellingagent that may swell and expand when wetted. Thus, when the fertilizercomposition is in pastille, pellet, or similar form, expansion of theswelling material may break the pastille, pellet, or similar form andallow additional moisture as well as microbes into the pastille. Thisexpansion and ingress of moisture and microbes may aid in furtherbreaking the pastille into smaller particles, which may aid in furtherenhancing breakdown and allowing microorganisms enhanced access to theelemental sulphur so that they can convert it into a plant-useablesulphate form. The sulphate form is released into the soil where it canbe used by plants.

The swelling material may be a swelling clay, such as high-swellingbentonite clay. One suitable bentonite clay product is CANAPRILL PLUSavailable from Canadian Clay Products (Wilcox, Saskatchewan) that has a200 mesh particle size (85-95%). Another suitable bentonite swellingclay is available from Muldoon Minerals, Inc. (Muldoon, Tex.). In manyembodiments, the swelling material is certified or certifiable as anorganic material.

The binding material can be present in the fertilizer composition inamounts of about 2% to about 30% by weight. In many embodiments, thebinding material may be present in the fertilizer composition from about5% to about 25% by weight, from about 5% to about 15% by weight, or fromabout 8% to about 12% by weight. In one embodiment, for example wherethe sulphur component is 85% by weight and the humic additive is 0.5% byweight, the swelling material may be about 19% by weight of the total ofthe fertilizer composition.

Other Components

The fertilizer composition can also optionally include other components.For example, the composition may include various colorants, binders,and/or nutrients, which may be included in the sulphur component, humicadditive, and swelling material, or may be added separately. In someembodiments, the fertilizer composition may include a colorant such ascarbon. In some embodiments, the colorant may comprise between about 0.1and 1.0% by weight of the fertilizer composition, or 0.2 and 0.5% byweight of the fertilizer composition. In one embodiment, the colorant iscarbon and its percentage, by weight, in the fertilizer composition is0.3%. One exemplary carbon additive is THERMAX (N991, Cancarb, Alberta,Canada).

In some embodiments the nutrient(s) is/are selected from nitrogen,phosphorous, potassium, boron, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesiumand combinations of the foregoing. If boron is present, the fertilizercomposition can include a boron containing compound as disclosed inapplication Ser. No. 13/761,788, filed Feb. 7, 2013, entitledSULPHUR-BASED FERTILIZER COMPOSITION WITH LOW ROCK PHOSPHATE CONTENT,and Ser. No. 13/657,550 filed on Oct. 22, 2012, entitled FERTILIZERCOMPOSITION CONTAINING SULFUR AND BORON, which are incorporated hereinby reference in their entireties, and disclose fertilizer compositionscontaining an phosphorous and anhydrous boron (e.g. anhydrous borax).

Colorants and plant nutrients can be present in the fertilizercomposition in amounts of from about 0.01% to about 40% by weight, fromabout 0.05% to about 20% by weight, or from about 0.1% to about 2% byweight, based on elemental weight. In some embodiments, the optionalplant nutrient is present at less than about 100,000 ppm, 50,000 ppm,20,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, 5,000 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 500 ppm, 100 ppm, or 50ppm.

Mixing

The humic additive is generally uniformly incorporated in the fertilizercomposition. In some embodiments, the humic additive can be dispersedsubstantially uniformly in the elemental sulphur matrix such that thereis less than about a 10% variation of humic additive in individualsamplings (e.g., wherein the target percentage of humic additive is0.5%, separate samplings of 1 kg could vary from 5.5 g to 4.5 g).Desired uniformity can be achieved by ensuring sufficient mixing of thefertilizer components and by using humic acid having a sufficientlysmall average particle size. Substantial uniform distribution canprovide a more predictable controlled release of plant-soluble sulphatefrom the fertilizer composition.

Controlled release fertilizer compositions release plant nutrients incontrolled amounts over time when the composition is wetted. As the termis used herein, “controlled release” is intended to refer to the gradualrelease of the sulphur component from the fertilizer composition anddoes not necessarily refer to the humic acid component from the humicadditive. The humic acid may or may not be released at controlled rates.The controlled release compositions are typically provided in granule,pellet, pastille, or particulate form. The fertilizer composition canbe, in one embodiment, generally spherical, or in another embodiment,can be a generally pastille form. Shapes other than spherical andpastille are also possible, including mixtures of shapes. The sphericalor pastille form of granulated fertilizer particles can help to reducethe generation of fines due to abrasive inter particle interactionwhich, in turn, reduces the amount of such fines being rendered airborneas dust, increasing the amount of fertilizer ultimately deposited on aspecific piece of soil while simultaneously reducing waste. In someembodiments, the pastille may further include a dust suppressingadditive and/or coating. Some embodiments can include fertilizer pellet,pastille, granule, of various shapes (pastille, spherical, oblong,and/or random etc.) having at least one measurable dimension of about0.5 to about 4 mm, or about 1 to 3 mm, or about 2.5 mm.

The order of addition or mixing the components and additives of thedisclosed fertilizer composition can be varied. In some embodiments, aportion of the sulphur and all of the swelling material may be combinedfirst, and mixed, then the humic additive can be added to the mixture ofswelling material and sulphur. The remainder of the sulphur may be addedto the humic/sulphur/swelling material mixture. In some embodiments, theswelling material and/or the humic additive can be heated prior to theiraddition to the mixture.

The fertilizer composition may be manufactured using a batch method orusing a continuous flow method. The exemplary methods for themanufacture of the disclosed fertilizer composition are described inconnection with FIGS. 1 and 2, and discussed below. However, the methodsshown in FIGS. 1 and 2, as discussed below, are not intended to limitthe method of production to a particular method of manufacture.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary process for manufacturing a controlled releaserate fertilizer containing humic additive. Here, molten sulphur having atemperature of about 250° F. is added to a storage tank. Heat is thenadded to the storage system through a superheated steam line. In analternative embodiment, non-molten sulphur can be heated to a moltenstate and then added to the storage tank. The sulphur is thentransported to a mixing tank. The molten sulphur can be pumped andmetered into the mixing tank. The mixing tank then mixes the moltensulphur while the humic additive and binding material are added. In oneembodiment, a swelling clay, which can be bentonite clay, is added tothe continuously stirred molten sulphur. Humic additive is then added tothe mixture of molten sulphur and clay. The mixture is then allowed tomix in the mixing tank for sufficient time to create a substantiallyhomogenous mixture. In one embodiment, the mixture can be mixed forabout 1 minute to about 10 hours, from about 10 minutes to about 5hours, from about 15 minutes to about 1 hour, or for about 30 minutes.Heat is added to the system to keep the temperature well above themelting point of sulphur, e.g., at about 270° F., during the mixingprocess.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary process forproducing fertilizer pastilles with a rotoformer. The molten mixture ispumped from the holding tank through a filter, which may be a 270-meshsized filter, for example. The filter can alternatively be a 140-mesh,230-mesh, 325-mesh or 400-mesh filter. The molten mixture is then pumpedthrough a rotoformer onto a steel belt. After the molten mixture passesthrough the rotoformer onto the steel belt, the molten mixture is thencooled on the belt to form pastilles. In one embodiment, the steel beltcan be additionally cooled by spraying cooled water on the undercarriageof the steel belt. The water can be recycled and cooled or chilled priorto use in the sprayers. While FIG. 2 depicts a chiller for use with thedisclosed process, other methods, such as cooling with a cooling tower,may be used to passively or actively reduce the temperature. The moltenmixture can also be cooled by allowing the mixture to equilibrate withroom temperature. After the pastilles sufficiently harden, they can beremoved from the belt with a blade, and then either put into storage forbulk shipment or packaged in smaller bags for distribution.

In some disclosed methods, the production of sulphur dust is controlledand/or reduced. In some embodiment, a dust suppression additive may beincluded with the composition to help reduce sulphur dust during thehandling of the pastille. The dust suppressant additive may be added tothe mixture or may be added as a coating to the formed pastille. Otherdust suppression techniques, well known in the art, are also possible.

While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments of thepresent invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art fromthe detailed description and the following examples. As will beapparent, the invention is capable of modifications in various aspects,all without departing from the spirit and scope of the presentinvention. Accordingly, the detailed description is to be regarded asillustrative in nature and not restrictive.

All references disclosed herein, whether patent or non-patent, arehereby incorporated by reference as if each was included at itscitation, in its entirety. In case of conflict between reference andspecification, the present specification, including definitions, willcontrol.

Although the present disclosure has been described with a certain degreeof particularity, it is understood the disclosure has been made by wayof example, and changes in detail or structure may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of the disclosure as defined in the appendedclaims.

Examples Analysis of Humic Additive-Containing Fertilizers

Laboratory research trials were conducted to evaluate the potentialbenefits of adding humic additives into sulphur-based controlled releasefertilizers. The laboratory used for both Laboratory Trials was a memberof the Canadian Association for Laboratory Accreditation and wasInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) 17025 certified.

Test 1

This study was conducted to evaluate the amount of sulphate that isreleased from sulphur-based fertilizer compositions containing a varietyof additives. Results were collected over a twelve week period.

In this trial: Control is a native soil sample without any addedfertilizer; T-90 is a granular degradable sulphur-based fertilizer(about 90% sulphur by weight and about 10% bentonite swelling clay byweight; TIGER 90CR®; Tiger-Sul Products); T-90•0.5R is a granulardegradable sulphur-based fertilizer containing about 90% sulphur, about0.5% rock phosphate, and the remainder bentonite clay; T-90•0.5H is agranular degradable sulphur-based fertilizer containing about 90%sulphur, about 0.5% humic additive, and the remainder bentonite clay;T-90•0.5R&H is a granular degradable sulphur-based fertilizer containingabout 90% sulphur, about 0.5% rock phosphate, 0.5% humic additive, andthe remainder bentonite clay; T-90•0.25R&H is a granular degradablesulphur-based fertilizer containing about 90% sulphur, about 0.25% rockphosphate, 0.25% humic additive, and the remainder bentonite clay; T-85is a granular degradable sulphur-based fertilizer containing about 85%sulphur and the remainder bentonite clay: T-85•0.5R is a granulardegradable sulphur-based fertilizer containing about 85% sulphur, 0.5%rock phosphate, and the remainder bentonite clay; T-85•0.5H is agranular degradable sulphur-based fertilizer containing about 85%sulphur, 0.5% humic additive, and the remainder bentonite clay; andT-85•0.25R&H is a granular degradable sulphur-based fertilizercontaining about 85% sulphur, 0.25% rock phosphate, 0.25% humicadditive, and the remainder bentonite clay.

The soil in each sample was inoculated with microorganisms that oxidizesulphur prior to the commencement of testing. 250 mg of each fertilizercomposition was added to 200 g of soil at 24% saturation. Water waspassed through the soil and collected at the intervals shown in Table 1.The water was analyzed for sulphate content. The results are presentedin TABLE 1 and shown at FIG. 3.

TABLE 1 T-90 • T-90 • T-90 • T-90 • T-85 • T-85 • T-85 • Control T-90.5R .5H .5R&H .25R&H .5R .5H .25R&H Week 1 29.1 52.0 135 139.0 114.0130.0 201.0 197.0 163.0 Week 3 43.6 156.0 557 617.0 607.0 595.0 676.0689.0 675.0 Week 6 39.3 370.0 1130 1128.0 1177.0 1208.0 1169.0 1307.01193.0 Week 9 37.8 577.0 1358 1374.0 1366.0 1432.0 1392.0 1457.0 1404.0Week 12 40.7 651.0 1235 1319.0 1489.0 1437.0 1524.0 1573.0 1416.0

As can be seen from the values presented in TABLE 1, there was asignificant and surprising synergistic effect when humic additive wascombined with elemental sulphur. This effect is seen with addition of asmall amount of humic additive (relative to the elemental sulphur) inthe fertilizer granule, and results in enhanced sulphate release. Forexample, the amount of sulphate released from T-90 was increased bygreater than 2-fold when the fertilizer contained either 0.5% or 0.25%humic additive (compare T-90 with T-90•0.5H, T-90•0.5R&H, andT-90•0.25R&H). This enhancement is also seen with the 85% sulphurfertilizer (see T-85•0.5H, T-85•0.25R&H). The enhancement can be seenthroughout the duration of the study (at week 1, T-90•0.5H÷T-90=2.67; atweek 12, T-90•0.5H÷T-90=2.03).

Thus, as can be seen in TABLE 1, a small amount of humic additive in thefertilizer composition had a significant effect on the amount ofsulphate released over the twelve week period. The oxidation of sulphurinto sulphate is typically accomplished through microorganisms in thesoil, and it is therefore believed that the humic acid that is releasedby the humic additive may enhance the ability of the micro-organisms tobreak down the elemental sulphur.

Test 2

A second laboratory trial (see TABLE 2 below) was conducted similarly toTEST 1. The fertilizer compositions have the same composition as thefertilizers used in TEST 1.

Table 2 illustrates the results of the second laboratory trial in whichthe various fertilizer compositions were compared. This second trial wasalso performed under the same controlled laboratory conditions as inTEST 1. In this study, the amount of sulphate released was also measuredover a twelve week period. Results from this study are presented atTABLE 2 and shown, graphically, at FIG. 4.

TABLE 2 T-90 • T-90 • T-90 • T-90 • T-85 • T-85 • T-85 • Control T-90.5R .5H .25R&H .5R&H .5R .5H .25R&H Week 1 85.9 138 408 476 389 445 565493 523 Week 3 86.3 395 904 909 954 1025 1132 1316 1139 Week 6 102 5251194 1394 1167 1249 1470 1516 1444 Week 9 106 713 1356 1444 1253 14961516 1626 1596 Week 12 155 926 1335 1568 1493 1583 1685 1595 1382

Test 3

A third laboratory trial (see TABLE 3 below) was conducted similarly toTESTS 1 and 2. The fertilizer compositions used in this test havesimilar compositions to the fertilizers used in TESTS 1 and 2. Howeverthe humic additive used in TEST 3 was obtained from Leonardite Products(SOURCE FINES; Williston, N. Dak.). In addition, in TEST 3, only 0.5%humic additive and 0.5% rock phosphate additives were tested, but not incombination as was done in TESTS 1 and 2.

TABLE 3 presents the results of the third laboratory trial in which thevarious fertilizers were compared. This trial was also performed withnative soil under the same controlled laboratory conditions as in TESTS1 and 2, and sulphate release measured over a twelve week period. Theresults presented in TABLE 3 are shown, graphically, in FIG. 5.

TABLE 3 Week 1 Week 3 Week 6 Week 9 Week 12 Control 27.3 35.2 33.7 42 62T-90 48 118 207 267 299 T-90•.5H 85 412 697 808 1083 T-90•.5R 73.4 242521 822 1131 T-85 60.3 197 342 495 677 T-85•.5H 99.2 445 696 967 1123T-85•.5R 93.5 366 459 865 1070

Here again, the controlled release fertilizers containing humicadditives show surprisingly enhanced sulphate release. As in TESTS 1 and2, the effect on sulphate release is about two-fold (at week 3,T-85•0.5H÷T-85=2.26; at week 12, T-85•0.5H÷T-85=1.66; and for T-90 thesame weeks showed sulphate release increases of 3.49 and 3.66).

Application of the disclosed fertilizer composition may also be used tocondition the soil, for example acidifying an alkaline soil.

While the invention has been described in conjunction with the specificexemplary embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives,modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in theart. Accordingly, exemplary embodiments of the invention as set forthherein are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. There are changesthat may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

We claim:
 1. A fertilizer composition comprising: at least 50% by weightof sulphur; and 0.01% to 5% by weight of humic additive.
 2. Thefertilizer composition of claim 1, further comprising a swellingmaterial.
 3. The fertilizer composition of claim 1, wherein the sulphuris elemental sulphur.
 4. The fertilizer composition of claim 3, whereinthe percentage of elemental sulphur is at least 75% by weight of totalweight of the fertilizer composition.
 5. The fertilizer composition ofclaim 4, wherein the percentage of elemental sulphur is 85% by weight oftotal weight of the fertilizer composition.
 6. The fertilizercomposition of claim 1, wherein the humic additive is present in anamount of 0.1% to 1.0% by weight.
 7. The fertilizer composition of claim6, wherein the humic additive is present in an amount of about 0.5% byweight.
 8. The fertilizer composition of claim 2, wherein the fertilizercomposition is a controlled release fertilizer composition.
 9. Thefertilizer composition of claim 8, wherein the fertilizer compositionincludes from 5% to 25% by weight of the swelling material.
 10. Thefertilizer composition of claim 8, wherein the fertilizer compositioncomprises from 5% to 15% by weight of the swelling material.
 11. Thefertilizer composition of claim 2, wherein the swelling material is aswelling clay.
 12. The fertilizer composition of claim 11, wherein theswelling clay is bentonite clay.
 13. The fertilizer composition of claim1, further comprising one or more additional nutrients selected from thegroup consisting of nitrogen, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, boron,manganese, and magnesium.
 14. The fertilizer composition of claim 13,wherein the one or more additional nutrients is present in thefertilizer composition in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 40% byweight.
 15. The fertilizer composition of claim 1, wherein thefertilizer composition is provided as one or more of a pellet, pastille,or granule.
 16. The fertilizer composition of claim 1, wherein the humicadditive contains at least 40% by weight of humic acid.
 17. Thefertilizer composition of claim 1, wherein the humic additive containsat least 50% by weight of humic acid.
 18. A method of fertilizing aplant, comprising: applying the fertilizer composition of claim 1 to asoil.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the soil includes a plant orplant seed.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a plant or plant seed isadded to the fertilized soil.
 21. A method of conditioning a soil,comprising: applying the fertilizer composition of claim 1 to the soil.22. A method of manufacturing a fertilizer composition containingsulphur and humic acid, the method comprising: mixing molten elementalsulphur and humic additive, wherein the humic additive comprises from0.1% to 5% by weight of the mixture; and cooling the mixture to obtainthe fertilizer composition.
 23. The method of claim 22, furthercomprising forming the fertilizer composition into pastilles, pellets,or granules and then cooling the composition below the melting point ofsulphur in the cooling step.
 24. The method of claim 22, wherein thehumic additive has an average particle size of less than 200 Mesh.
 25. Asulphur-containing fertilizer composition comprising: elemental sulphurat about 85% by weight of the total weight of the composition; humicadditive at about 0.5% by weight, wherein the humic additive has anaverage size of less than 200 Mesh, and is at least 50% humic acid;swelling clay at about 14.2.